振動(dong)(dong)是運輸包(bao)裝試驗(yan)項(xiang)主要組成部(bu)(bu)分之(zhi)一，在運輸過(guo)程中，產品會因振動(dong)(dong)發生表面擦傷、漆膜或鍍膜脫(tuo)落等問題，內部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)件還會因反復施加作用力(li)發生螺釘(ding)松動(dong)(dong)、部(bu)(bu)件變(bian)形彎曲、產生裂紋、斷裂、脫(tuo)落等現象。

產品運(yun)輸所受(shou)的振動危害主要(yao)來自運(yun)輸環境和(he)(he)運(yun)輸工(gong)具(ju)。運(yun)輸工(gong)具(ju)主要(yao)包括：公路運(yun)輸、鐵路運(yun)輸、空運(yun)和(he)(he)海(hai)運(yun)。

• 在汽(qi)車(che)(che)運輸過程(cheng)中，公路(lu)路(lu)面的起伏(fu)不(bu)平(ping)、汽(qi)車(che)(che)發(fa)動(dong)機的固(gu)有振(zhen)動(dong)、輪胎的充氣程(cheng)度和減震彈簧的性能等因素，都會使(shi)產品發(fa)生任(ren)意(yi)方向(xiang)的振(zhen)動(dong)；

   

• 在火車(che)運輸過程(cheng)中，受牽引機車(che)和鐵軌接縫(feng)的影(ying)響(xiang)，產品也會發生周期性的振動；

   

• 在海運過程中，產品除(chu)了(le)受到發動機的振(zhen)動影響外(wai)，還因水面風浪的顛簸發生低頻振(zhen)動；

   

• 在空運(yun)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，產品不但受(shou)到(dao)發動機(ji)高頻激(ji)振的影響，還會受(shou)氣流(liu)作用產生(sheng)低頻振動以及周期性的上(shang)下和左右搖擺(bai)。

在國內外的一些研究中，四(si)大(da)運(yun)輸(shu)環境里船舶的隨(sui)機(ji)振動量很小，火車和飛機(ji)的隨(sui)機(ji)振動功率(lv)譜密度值比汽車小得多(duo)，汽車運(yun)輸(shu)的機(ji)械條(tiao)件(jian)最差。

運輸包裝振動試驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)類型是(shi)(shi)從正(zheng)弦(xian)定(ding)頻(pin)(pin)→正(zheng)弦(xian)掃(sao)頻(pin)(pin)→隨機振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)發展(zhan)而來的(de)(de)(de)(de)。正(zheng)弦(xian)定(ding)頻(pin)(pin)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)可以在(zai)(zai)選(xuan)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個或(huo)數(shu)個頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)（通(tong)常選(xuan)試(shi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)）下(xia)(xia)對(dui)(dui)試(shi)件(jian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，由于(yu)(yu)不(bu)可能(neng)(neng)測出試(shi)件(jian)所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)對(dui)(dui)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，同時(shi)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)本身在(zai)(zai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)過(guo)程中也是(shi)(shi)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)，于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)就發展(zhan)了正(zheng)弦(xian)掃(sao)頻(pin)(pin)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，該(gai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)過(guo)程中對(dui)(dui)試(shi)件(jian)所能(neng)(neng)碰到的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)都能(neng)(neng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)衡(heng)量(liang)。那為(wei)什(shen)么又(you)要進(jin)(jin)行(xing)隨機振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)呢？這是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)正(zheng)弦(xian)掃(sao)頻(pin)(pin)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)，試(shi)件(jian)在(zai)(zai)各(ge)共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)下(xia)(xia)依次(ci)發生(sheng)共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)，而隨機振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)，試(shi)件(jian)各(ge)共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)同時(shi)發生(sheng)共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)。

產(chan)品的(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)試(shi)驗分(fen)為(wei)正(zheng)弦定(ding)頻(pin)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)試(shi)驗、正(zheng)弦變頻(pin)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)試(shi)驗和隨(sui)機振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)試(shi)驗三(san)種(zhong)。振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)試(shi)驗中需(xu)要(yao)確定(ding)的(de)量值(zhi)很多(duo)，三(san)種(zhong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)試(shi)驗中需(xu)要(yao)確定(ding)的(de)量值(zhi)如表所示。