[恒溫恒濕試驗箱]恒(heng)(heng)溫恒(heng)(heng)濕試(shi)驗(yan)箱是能同時施加溫度(du)、濕度(du)應(ying)力的試(shi)驗(yan)箱設備

　　隨著我(wo)國(guo)工(gong)業(ye)產(chan)品(pin)研(yan)制(zhi)的(de)(de)需要，近幾年(nian)來，低(di)溫水浴(yu)我(wo)國(guo)從國(guo)外引進(jin)了大(da)批試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)系統，為我(wo)國(guo)工(gong)業(ye)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)研(yan)制(zhi)和(he)定(ding)型發揮了重要作用，但由(you)于其本身(shen)的(de)(de)復雜性，使得試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱在操作運行(xing)中出現了不(bu)少問題，而且一部分問題不(bu)能及時(shi)解決，大(da)大(da)延長了試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)周期，影響(xiang)了產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)研(yan)制(zhi)進(jin)程。產(chan)生這些現象的(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因是(shi)對恒溫恒濕試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱組成及原理(li)的(de)(de)不(bu)了解。為此，我(wo)們對試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱的(de)(de)組成及原理(li)作以(yi)下闡述。

　　1.恒溫恒濕試(shi)驗箱的組成(cheng)：主要分為電氣(qi)和(he)機(ji)械制冷兩(liang)大方(fang)面，如(ru)：制冷系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，加熱系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，溫度系(xi)(xi)統(tong)空氣(qi)循環系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，和(he)傳感器系(xi)(xi)統(tong)等組成(cheng)。

　　2. 工作(zuo)原理及過程：

　　2.1 制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)是(shi)綜合試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵部(bu)(bu)分之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。一(yi)(yi)般來說，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)方式(shi)都是(shi)機(ji)械(xie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)以(yi)及輔助(zhu)液氮(dan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)，機(ji)械(xie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)采用蒸(zheng)汽(qi)壓縮(suo)式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)，它們主要由(you)壓縮(suo)機(ji)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)器(qi)，節流機(ji)構和蒸(zheng)發器(qi)組成，低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)槽由(you)于我們試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)要達到-55℃，單級制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)難以(yi)滿足(zu)滿足(zu)要求，因此(ci)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)方式(shi)一(yi)(yi)般采用復疊式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)。我司(東莞市(shi)科寶試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)設(she)備有限公司)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)恒濕箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)由(you)兩部(bu)(bu)分組成，分別稱為高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分和低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分，每一(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)分是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)相對(dui)獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分中制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)發吸收(shou)來自低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱量而(er)汽(qi)化;低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)發則(ze)從被(bei)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)象(xiang)(試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣)吸熱以(yi)獲(huo)取冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)量。高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分和低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)是(shi)用一(yi)(yi)個(ge)蒸(zheng)發冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)器(qi)聯系(xi)(xi)起來，它既是(shi)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)器(qi)，也是(shi)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)器(qi)。STH系(xi)(xi)列試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)采用中溫(wen)(wen)(wen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)，低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)是(shi)采用低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)，箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)能達到-70-150℃.熱系(xi)(xi)統(tong)功(gong)率都比較大，而(er)且在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)底板(ban)也設(she)有加熱器(qi)。

　　2.2 控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統是綜(zong)合試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)的(de)核心，它決(jue)定了(le)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)的(de)升溫(wen)速率，精度等重要(yao)指(zhi)標。現在試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)大都采用PID控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，也有少部(bu)分采用PID與模(mo)糊控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)相組合的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方式。恒溫(wen)振蕩(dang)器(qi)(qi)由于控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統基(ji)本上(shang)屬于軟件(jian)的(de)范疇，而且(qie)此部(bu)分在使(shi)用過程中(zhong)，一般不會出現問題。

　　2.3 加(jia)熱系統：試(shi)驗箱的加(jia)熱系統相對制冷系統而(er)言，是比較簡(jian)單。它主(zhu)要(yao)有大(da)功率(lv)電阻絲組成，由(you)于試(shi)驗箱要(yao)求的升溫速(su)(su)率(lv)較大(da)，因此試(shi)驗箱的加(jia)溫度系統分為(wei)加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)和除(chu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)兩個子系統。試(shi)驗箱的加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)方式一般采用蒸汽加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)法，即將低壓蒸汽直接注入試(shi)驗空間(jian)加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)。這種加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)方法加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)力，速(su)(su)度快，加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)控制靈(ling)敏，尤其(qi)在降溫時容(rong)易實現強制加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)。

　　2.4 試驗箱的(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)濕(shi)方式有兩種：機械制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)除(chu)(chu)濕(shi)和干(gan)(gan)燥除(chu)(chu)濕(shi)。機械制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)除(chu)(chu)濕(shi)的(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)濕(shi)原(yuan)理(li)是將(jiang)空氣(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)到露(lu)點溫(wen)度以(yi)下(xia)，使大(da)于飽(bao)和含濕(shi)量的(de)(de)水汽凝(ning)結(jie)析出(chu)，這樣就降低了濕(shi)度。干(gan)(gan)燥器除(chu)(chu)濕(shi)是利(li)用(yong)氣(qi)泵(beng)將(jiang)試驗箱內(nei)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)抽出(chu)，并將(jiang)干(gan)(gan)燥的(de)(de)空氣(qi)注入，同時將(jiang)濕(shi)空氣(qi)送(song)入可(ke)循環利(li)用(yong)的(de)(de)干(gan)(gan)燥進行干(gan)(gan)燥，干(gan)(gan)燥完后又送(song)入試驗箱內(nei)，如此反(fan)復循環進行除(chu)(chu)濕(shi)。現在大(da)部(bu)分綜合(he)(he)試驗箱采用(yong)前(qian)一(yi)種除(chu)(chu)濕(shi)方式法，后一(yi)種的(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)濕(shi)方法，可(ke)以(yi)使露(lu)點溫(wen)度達到0℃一(yi)下(xia)。適用(yong)于有特殊要求的(de)(de)場合(he)(he)，但費用(yong)較(jiao)貴。

　　2.5 恒溫(wen)恒濕(shi)(shi)(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)箱的(de)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要是溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)和濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)應用較多的(de)是鉑電(dian)組(zu)和熱電(dian)偶。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)測(ce)量(liang)方法(fa)有兩種：干(gan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)球溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)計法(fa)和固態(tai)電(dian)子式(shi)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)直接(jie)測(ce)量(liang)法(fa)。由于干(gan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)球法(fa)測(ce)量(liang)精度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)高，現在(zai)的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)箱正逐步的(de)以固態(tai)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)代(dai)替干(gan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)球來進行濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)測(ce)量(liang)。

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