振動臺目前應用最多有哪些種類了解下！
來(lai)源：劍喬(qiao)儀器
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發布日期：2021-04-20
1.機械(xie)式振動(dong)臺
機(ji)械式(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)重塊式(shi)和(he)凸(tu)輪式(shi)兩類。不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)重塊式(shi)是以不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)重塊旋轉(zhuan)時產生的(de)(de)離(li)心力來(lai)激振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai)臺(tai)面，激振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)力與不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)力矩和(he)轉(zhuan)速(su)的(de)(de)平(ping)方成(cheng)正比。這(zhe)種振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai)可(ke)以產生正弦振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，其結構簡單，成(cheng)本低(di)，但只能在約(yue)5Hz~100Hz的(de)(de)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)范(fan)圍工作，最(zui)大(da)位移為(wei)6mm峰-嶠值，最(zui)大(da)加(jia)速(su)度(du)約(yue)10g，不(bu)能進行(xing)隨機(ji)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，凸(tu)輪式(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)位移取決于凸(tu)輪的(de)(de)偏心量(liang)和(he)曲(qu)軸的(de)(de)臂長，激振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)力隨運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)質量(liang)而變(bian)化(hua)。這(zhe)種振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai)在低(di)頻(pin)域內，激振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)力大(da)時，可(ke)以實現很大(da)的(de)(de)位移，如100mm。但這(zhe)種振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai)工作頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)僅限于低(di)頻(pin)，上限頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)20Hz左右。最(zui)大(da)加(jia)速(su)度(du)為(wei)3g左右，加(jia)速(su)度(du)波(bo)形失真很大(da)。機(ji)械式(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai)由于其性(xing)能的(de)(de)局限，今后用量(liang)會越來(lai)越小。
2.電液式振(zhen)動臺
電液(ye)(ye)式振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)工作方式是(shi)用小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)可控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)伺服(fu)閥(fa)，通(tong)過油壓使傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置產(chan)生振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。這(zhe)種振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai)能(neng)產(chan)生很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)力(li)(li)和位(wei)(wei)移(yi)，如激(ji)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)力(li)(li)可高達10<sup>4</sup>kN，位(wei)(wei)移(yi)可達2。5m，而且在很低(di)的(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率下可得到很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)力(li)(li)。大(da)激(ji)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)壓臺(tai)比相同推力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai)價(jia)格便宜(yi)。電液(ye)(ye)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)局限性(xing)在于(yu)其高頻(pin)性(xing)能(neng)較(jiao)差，上限工作頻(pin)率低(di)，波形失真較(jiao)大(da)。雖然可以(yi)做隨機振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，但隨機振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)激(ji)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)rms額(e)定值(zhi)只能(neng)為正弦額(e)定值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)1/3以(yi)下。這(zhe)種振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai)因(yin)其大(da)推力(li)(li)、大(da)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)可以(yi)彌補(bu)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)不足，在未來的(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)試驗中仍然發揮作用，尤其是(shi)在船舶和汽(qi)車行業會有一定市場。
3.電(dian)動式振動臺
電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)式振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)是目(mu)前使用(yong)最廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)設備。它的(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)寬，小型(xing)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)頻率(lv)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)為0~10kHz，大型(xing)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)頻率(lv)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)為0~2kHz，動(dong)(dong)態范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)寬，易于實現自(zi)動(dong)(dong)或手(shou)動(dong)(dong)控(kong)制；加速度(du)波形良好(hao)，適(shi)合產生(sheng)隨機波；可得到(dao)很大的(de)(de)(de)加速度(du)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)式振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)是根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應(ying)(ying)原理設直的(de)(de)(de)，當通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導體處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)恒(heng)定磁場中將受到(dao)力的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，半導體中通(tong)(tong)以交(jiao)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)流時將產生(sheng)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)。振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)驅動(dong)(dong)線圈正式處(chu)在一(yi)(yi)個高磁感應(ying)(ying)強(qiang)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)空隙中，當需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)信號從信號發生(sheng)器(qi)或振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)控(kong)制儀產生(sheng)并經功率(lv)放大器(qi)放大后通(tong)(tong)到(dao)驅動(dong)(dong)線圈上，這時振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)就會產生(sheng)需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)波形。
電(dian)動(dong)(dong)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)臺基(ji)本(ben)上由驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)線圈及(ji)(ji)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)部(bu)件、運(yun)動(dong)(dong)部(bu)件懸掛(gua)及(ji)(ji)導向裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、勵磁及(ji)(ji)消磁單元、臺體及(ji)(ji)支承裝(zhuang)置(zhi)五部(bu)分組(zu)成。驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)線圈和運(yun)動(dong)(dong)部(bu)件結構復雜，一(yi)階(jie)共振(zhen)頻率計算(suan)(suan)非常困難，要靠(kao)經驗估算(suan)(suan)，這常常造成設(she)(she)計失(shi)誤。702所(suo)在(zai)80年代未首次(ci)將有限元方法用于電(dian)動(dong)(dong)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)臺運(yun)動(dong)(dong)部(bu)件共振(zhen)頻率的(de)計算(suan)(suan)，不僅提高了計算(suan)(suan)結果的(de)準確(que)度，而且便于對結構進行優化設(she)(she)計，大(da)大(da)增加了振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)臺的(de)設(she)(she)計可靠(kao)性。
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